CONFIRM 2012 NECO YORUBA ANSWERS

YORUBA OBJECTIVE

.

1=10 BECCEBAAEA

11=20 CCAADAEECB

21=30 BCA-AEEBBC

31 =40 AAA-----

44=50 CCDEDDB

51 =60 CEACCEBBAB.

YORUBA Theory answer

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CONFIRM NECO C.R.S. THEORY & OBJECTIVE ANSWERS

OBJECTIVE ANSWERS.

1-10= DAEBABBBCB

11-20= BEBEDBAEDE

21-30= ACEABEDBDB

31-40= DCECECBBAD

41-50= DBBBCACEDB

51-60= E (52=99yr) BDCEEDEC

C.R.S THEORY ANSWERS.

(1a).Account of the call of abraham:abram who later became abraham lived in haran with his family at the age of seventy five years,God asked him to leave haran with his family to a land he would show him"go from your country and kindred and from your fathers house to the land i will show you.Then God promised to make abram a great nation,bless him and make his name great so that he would be a blessing to others. God also went further and promised that he will bless those that bless abram and course those that course him and by him all the families of the earth would be blessed.

Abram faithfully obeyed Gods commandments and went with his family to posses the hand of canaan.

At shechem appeared to abram and showed him the land of canaan and abram built an altar for the lord

(1b) –prohesy-revelation-dream-talents

(4a) call of Mathew by jesus Christ. As jesus was wting by the sea of galilee, he saw two brothers, simon and Andrew, who wre fishermen. Jesus Christ call them and they obeyed and followed jesus immediately. As they went on, jesus saw two other brothers, james and john with their father, Zebedee. Jesus called them also. They obeyed, left their father and followed.

On another day, jesus was passing by the tax office and saw a tax collector, by name Mathew levi.

Jesus told him “follow me” and mathhew rose and followed him. Later they arrived in matthew’s house.

There jesus sat at the table with matthew and other tax collectors and sinners.

The pharises were surprised to see jesus eating with tax collectors and sinners and questioned Jesus disciples why their master was eating with such people.

Jesus replied, “ those who are well have no need of a physician but for those who are sick.

Go and learn what this means. I desire mercy not sacrifice, for I came not to call the righteous but sinners”.

(4b) (1) Jesus made necessary arrangements for the continuation of his works of preaching and healing after his ascension into heaven. Today seminaries serve the same purposes.

(2) Peter, Andrew, james and john obeyed jesus, call and followed him just like Mathew. Those who have vocation to priesthood should obey God’s call.

(3) Practice self-denial and sacrificial attitudes to do God’s will-make material wealth for heaven consciousness

8(a) according to paul's teaching, paul meant that man cannot attain righteousness of God by his own effort or by keeping the law,it is only by his grace which is the unmerited favour of God.

This grace can only be recieved by having strpng faith in jesus christ and his redemption he offeres to mankind at the cross through his blood.

When one is justified by faith, he is equally considered righteous.

(8b)1.peace with God.

2.free from eternal condermnations

3.the Holy spirit will dwell in him

4.he will rejoice in the midst of suffering

5.endurance which will produce good character

6.hope in God

(6a).saul was born in tarsus and trained in jewish law under gamaliel,a respected jewish lawyer and teacher.saul was a pharisee and a defender of judaism,he appeared in the forefront of those persecuting the church in jerusalem.

After the death of stephen,and the great persecution of the church in jerusalem,which forced the disciples to scatter to different places.saul was still determined to met out further punishment to the high priest and jesus

.

He went to the high priest and demanded for the synagogues in damascus so as to eneable him to arrest the disciples.

After collecting the letter he moved to damascus while he was approaching the city a lightening from heaven flashed him he felled to the ground and heard a voice saying"saul saul why are you persecuting me".saul responded and asked who are you lord?

The voice said i am jesus who you are persecuting,then jesus directed paul to wake up and enter the city where he will be told what to do.

those who went with saul was amazed for they heard the voice but saw no one.saul stayed in the city for three days without sight,food nor drink and the lord appear to ananias and directed him to the street called straight ananias went and placed his hand an saul he regained his sight and joined the disciples.

(6b).the three significant are: -God is worshiped in the truth and in spirit not in ceremonial and customary observance like circumssion.

-God shows no partialty and does not discuminate among his children.

-conversion of saul hed to the growth of the church

(7a).Jesus describes himself as the vine,his father as the vine dresser and his disciples as the branches.

This means that the mission of jesus and his disciples was the responsibility of fruit bearing any branch of jesus that bore fruit would be pruned down by his father God so that it would bear more fruits.

Every branche which did not abide in him and bear fruit would be condem by his father and cast into fire.

And jesus went further to say that the faithfullness of the believersis determined by their obedience to the teaching of christ and as a true believer,we must put into practice the teachings of christ which we have recieved for God to be glorified in our lives.

The unbeliever will be condemnd and cast into fire.

(7b).the two significants are: -Jesus as the lamb of God implies that he would shed his blood innocently on the cross as means of an atonement. -Jesus as the light points to the fact that the knowledge of God,and the way to salvation,are revealed through him.

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2012 NECO ECONOMIC QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (OBJ)

Econs obj:

1-10: CECABDBBEC

11-20: AACCCEBEAE

21-30: ECACCCBDAE

31-40: DABACBCDAC

41-50: ABBCEBECDE

51-60: EDBEDDBAEE

(1a) cross elasticity=change in qtydd/change in price*100/1.change in qty dd ofx=200-90=110.110/90*100/1=122.22%.change inprice=180000-120000=60000.60000/ elasticity=change in qtydd/change in price*100/1.change in qty dd ofx=200-90=110.110/90*100/1=122.22%.change inprice=180000-120000=60000.60000/120000*100/1=50%.cross elasticity=122.22/50=2.44(elastic)

(7) Derived demand:= this is a situation in which a commodity is wanted not for its immediate satisfaction because of the demand for another commodity.

Joint/com[limentary demand:

when two or more commodities are wanted to satisfy one want at the same time.

competive demand:= it is wanted to satisfy a want in place of another similar commodity.

Composite demand: it is when a commodity is wanted to satisfy different wants.

(8) under employment, frictional unemployment,structural unemployment,voluntary unemployment, seasonal unemployment.

Underemployment: potentialities of a worker are not fully utilized., frictional unemployment arises when people leave their present job with the hope of getting a new and better one but fail at that time.

structural unemployment arises as a result of slight changes in the industrial structure of a country.

Voluntary:= this occurs when people refuse to take up any paid employment.

Seasonal unemployment:= caused by seasonal changes that affect some types of work.

(10) Availability of natural resources,level of development, industrial development, working population, economic situation.

Availability of natural resources:= a country with abundant natural resources will experience increase in national income than a country with little or no resources.

level of technology: a higher technological development will improve or increase a national income.

Industrial development: the presence of industries or increased industrial activities can contribute positively to national income.

Working population: a country with high working population is likely to increase national income than a country with a little population.

Economic Situation: when the economic situation is stable, the national income will be stable.

(11a)Economic integration may be defined as a form of international co-operation among nations to foster their economic interest.

(11b)Free trade area: free trade area is the type of integration in which member countries agree to remove all restrictions among them.

Such restrictions are tariffs, quotas, bans, et.c.Common market: also known as economic community is a form community is a form of co-operation in which there is a common internal and eternal tarrif policy Economic

union: this is a type of integration which takes the form of total integration of member countries.

Customs union: custom union is an agreement among nations to eliminate trade barriers such as tariffs,quotas, et.c among them.

(3a) specialization is the act of individual or a firm of a country concentrating its resources and efforts in the production of relatively few commodities

(3b) Advantages: increase in production,time saving, large scale production Increase in production:

specialization leads to increase in production because the various experts along the production process work together to boost greater production.

Time saving: specialization helps to save time by reducing the time wasted in moving from one operation to another.

Large scale production: specialization leads to large scale production as a result of many.

Disadvantages: monotony or repletion, problem of mobility of labour

(i)monotomy or repetition: a worker performs the same job on daily basis, therefore the job becomes monotonous and boring.

(ii) problem of mobility of labour: the worker stays on a single job for a long time and this makes it difficult for him to move to other jobs.

(4)Factors: Capital: the larger, the capital, the bigger the size.

2. Type of production: either the production is primary or secondary, this cab be determine the size of a business uint

. 3. Market size: this determines whether a business unit will be large or small.

4. Number of working population: the number of workers in aa business unit determines the size of it.

(6a) A market economy is an economy which decisions regarding investments, production and distribution are based on supply and demand and the prices of goods and services determines in a free price system

(6b) features of market economy:

(1)supply&demand

(2) competition

(3)profit

(4)less government intervention

(5) choice of production.Supply and demand: the larger the available the available supply of goods or services in relation to demand, determines the market economy Competition: a market economy encourages competition regardless the type of business you operate, you likely face competition.

Profit: business owners in a market economy are usually motivated by how many much money they make.

Less Government intervention: in a market economy, the government does not dictate economic policy as it does in a planned or social economic structure.

Choice of production: business owners decides what to produce in market economy

(5)(i) inadequste labour force: the available labour force is groslly inadequate to manage the abundant resources

(ii) low level of production: level of manpower available production is generally low

(iII) low standard of living: due to inadequate labour force that would have promoted output, the standard of living will eventually fall

(iv) underutilization of infrastructure: pipe borne water, etc are grossly underutilized

(v)high taxation: the working population will be made to pay higher amount of tax to take care of thedependents.

(2)(a) Marginal propensity to consume(MPC)= changes in consumption/change inincome(40,000,000-25,000,000)/(125,000,000-105,000,000)= 15,000,000/20,000,000=0.75

(b) multiplier (k)= 1/(1-MPC)=1/(1-0.75)=1/0.25=4(C) change in y/change in investment expenditure= 1/(1-MPC), Change in income= change in investment/1-(1-0.75)=12,000,000/0.25= #48,000,0000

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CONFIRM 2012 NECO BIOLOGY OBJECTIVE AND THEORY ANSWERS

BIOLOGY OBJ ANSWER

01-10 aaceeecbbe

11-20 dccadacbea

21-30 babeadaddc

31-40 cbdaabaeed

41-50 cdabbbedde

51-60 ccabeddddd

BIOLOGY THEORY ANSWERS

(1ai)-both plant and animals cells have nucleus-both are characterized by the presence of nuclei membrane-both of them have nucleuos. Diffences:

(1) animal: -it has small vacuole, it has no chloroplast-it has cell membrane

(2) it has large vacuole-it has the chloroplast-it hass cell wall

(1aiii) functions: transportation of digested food materials-distribution of dry gen round the body-it is used for body defence e.g white blood cells-transportation of hormones-use in the removal of excretory products

(2ai).Excretion is defined as the process by which waste products of metabolism are removed from the body of living things.

(2aii).the two reasons while excretion is necessary are: -the excreted product are harmfuk to the body and so much is been removed. -excretion helps to maintain water balance in the body.

(2b).the two sources of the following are : -carbonhydrate=glucose and yam -lipid =red oil and magarine. Protein:egg albumen and meat.

(bii)the function of each are -carbohydrate is energy saving food. -protein helps in replenishing the wornout tissues. Lipids=adds weight to the body

(2ci)five ways of conseving forest are: -esablishment of game or forest reseve. -establishment of zoological garden. -control of hunting to prevent extinction of some animals species. -prohibition of bush burning. -afforestation.

(2cii)-photosynthesis take place in plant while respiration take place in animalss. -photosynthesis needs sunlight and chlorophy before taking place while respiration does not need sunlight nor dichlorophyl to take place.

3a.i)-it provides foods for animals in an ecosystem. -some of the agricultural tress provide shelter for animals.

3a(ii).bush burning-this affects the fertility of the soil. -it results in poor production of food crops in an ecosystem.

3a(iii).fertilizer application=it helps to improve the quality of food produced during farming. -makes the soil to be good in farming. Use of pesticides:This helps to reduce pest in an ecosystem. -it also helps in improving food crop

(3b).ecological succession:is a long term gradual or progressive series of charges occuring in the structure,composition,variety or diversity and number of species in an area till a stable or climax community is established.

(bii).primary succession and secondary succession.

(3c)-voluntary actions is initiated in the brain while involuntary actions is initiated by muscles. -voluntary occurs consciously while involuntary occurs unconsciously.

-voluntary is neither automatic nor fast while involuntary is automatic and fast. -voluntary is unborn while involuntary can be learnt.

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CONFIRM 2012 NECO GEOGRAPHY II QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY ESSAY ANSWER

(5b) lack of modern equipment to reduce the physical human labour in order to increase production

the local craft industries are often affected by lack of raw materials which hinders the production

poor patronage from the indigenes as a result of poor finishing and low purchasing power

(5c) provision of modern equipment to facilitates the industries

-provison of raw materials

-awareness and advertisement should be made

(8a)-presence of rivers like river nile in Egypt and sudan and Niger in west Africa.

-pressure of fertile alluvial soils(or plain)

-incidence of low rainfall or unreliable rainfall

-resourcefulness of the people

-the need to control flooding

(8b)-growth of water weed

-collapse of dams

-salination

(8c)

-millet -cotton -maize -wheat

(6b)the region is found in the north

-western part of Nigeria. Physical settings:

1.relief:lowland of about 100-300m. the land is flat and undulating.

2. Drainage: the sokoto plain drained by sokoto rima and zamfara rivers which take their sources from the north central highland.

3. climate and vegetation: the climate of this region is mainly tropical continent.

Population: it has a dispersed settlement except in sokoto town which is nucleated , the region has a moderate population density of between 20-50 persons.

Resources and ecomomic activities: mining which is due to the presence of mineralresources like limestone

-pastoral activites which is due to the presence of grases

-farming activities with the aid of irrigation.

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2012 NECO LITERATURE IN ENGLISH ANSWERS

LITERATURE IN ENGLISH THEORY ANSWERS

3)the author,femi Osofisan employs various techniques to portrany the dramatic effects of the play"women of owu".

First the language of the play is simple and easy to understand.

It portrays riddles,dancer in connection with the traditional background and its themes reflect the sorrowful and emotional moods of the play.

Yoruba traditional belief is enhanced by the appearance of deities like lawuni, Anlugbua and so on.

These belief are in consonance with the presence of goods in the affairs of men and communities and any attempt to discountenance them usually result in tragedies.

Then riddles,idioms and proverbs replete the story and through lawuni's account,information are presented clerly to give the reader insight into the destrution.

: 5.) Captain bluntschly and major Daranoff are soldiers with the former,a Swiss mercenary who fought on the side of the Serbs during the serbian-Bulgaria war and the later a Russian.

Bluntchli abandoned a comfortable life in his father's business to become a mercenary.

Though he claimed that he carries chocolates instead of ammunition,he is a soldier to the core.

(1.) Mr okadu is one of the characters used by king Kobing Sekyi in his book tittled 'The blinkards'.

Mr Okandu engages miss Tsiba in an english fashion.He offers to work for lawyer onyindze without pay for him to teach him english education.

He is among those that made the white men.He arrested Mrs Tsiba and charges her to court for breaking their marriage.

He was admired bt Miss Tsiba,who wants to approach him. He accused miss Tsiba of committing bigamy and layer onyindze helps out in the court.

10. D poem"a boy on a swing"dwells on a boy who sit on a swing attempting to advance himself forward but often returns to his starting point becos of d predicament he faced in d apartheid enclave.

D poem is pre-occupied wit d evils of d apartheid dat bedevilled every facet of d society esp d boy being clad in d blue shirt dat typified inhibitn, shattered hope&a loss of focus&disorderliness.

D poem represents d evil inherent in d apartheid enclave dats why he desires to know his natal home or origin becos he faced dilemma&his inalienable right&freedom were denied to d extent dat he was denied d privilege to put on long trousers.

Hence, d boy has been eluded&demands d reasons 4 his nakedness&improper cladding. D evil of d apartheid enclave has.

(11)boy on a swing has both physical and temporal settings. The physical settings of the poem is south Africa, a formal british colony, specifically, the boy is on a swing in aparticular location in this society.

South Africa is a multi-racial society comprising both black and white populace. The minority whites actually dehumanized the blacks, who are the original owners of the land.

The blacks are treated as slaves, they are not to stay in the cities and if they do they have to possess indentification card or visa which must be renewed from time to time.

That is why the poet wrote”the boy on a swing”, somebody that is being treated as an alien on his own land.

(4) the humanization of the Gods. The gods are supposed to be spirits and they are supposed to be spirits, and they are supposed to be invincible. But because of the importance attached to them by Africans, the role they are thought to play in human life, the playwright brings them down as it were. He humanizes them by leeting us see us see them in action and putting words into their mouth which represents the kind of discussion they could hold on the kind of things they could say. Thus, anhigbua appears as an ignorant old man who does not know that every male citizens have been exterminated by the allied forces

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2012 NECO FINANCIAL ACCOUNT ANSWERS

(3a)-purchase ledger system-sales ledger system-payroll system-norminal ledger-reconcilation

(3b)=the gross profits of each department can be ascertained-unprofitable departments will be revealed-the result of operation can be used to pay the manager of each department-the progress of each department can be monitored.

(3c)control accounts are accounts prepared to check the accuracy of some specified ledgers

(2a) dissolution of partnership is d coming to an end of a partnership agreement.

(2b) bankrupcy of a partner-death of a partner-retirement of a partner- decision to discontinue-insolvency of the business.

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2012 NECO ENGLISH QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

ENGLISH THEORY ANSWERS.

probably english essay not yet confirmed, you have to confirm in the exam hall.

QUESTIONS. (1) You are about to leave school after spending six years as a student. Write a letter to the principal of your School expressing your candid views on the strengths and weaknesses of the school and giving suggustions for improvement.

(2) Write an article for publication in a litery magazine on the need to promote the study of the indigenous languages of your country.

ENGLISH OBJECTIVE ANSWERS.

01-10 bedaeadcee

11-20 cebdeebcba

21-30 cddaaceabe

31-40 abcadbaaab

41-50 bacdacddab

51-60 aacdbdcccb

61-70 bbcbaeaecc

71-80 daeddeabce

81-90 dacabdbccb

91-100 ccacacaadc

ENGLISH TEXT OF ORAL ANSWERS

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CONFIRM 2012 NECO GOVERNMENT ANSWERS

GOVERNMENT OBJECTIVE ANSWERS

1-10 ebcedcbeda

11-20 adbceadbec

21-30 cabdebdeed

31-40 bdbdbaeadb

41-50 becebcdacb

51-60 cceaeedacc

GOVERMENT THEORY ANSWERS

(1a) government can be defined as an institution of the state or country or art of governing.

(Bi) territory: must occupy a definite territiry whcih seperates it from other states.

(Ii) recognition: must be recognised by other states.

(Iii) population: it must have a number of permanently resident people kno inery referred to as government, that makes laws and enforces such laws to regulate the condcut of its people.

(Vi) nationalism: citizen of a state should be loyal by way of attachment to identification with the aspirations and hopes of the state.

(2)(i) legislation-many principles and rules embodied in the laws of a country, form part of thecountry?s constitution.

(ii) customs and conventions-derive its source from customs and conventions which are strictly obeyed in societybut which have not been written down

(iii) past experiences-the geographical historical, economic,, social and religious experiences if people is another source.

(iv)judicial precedents-constitution derive much of then provisions from court judgement passed on every important subjects.

(v) international documents- such as the UN convections on human and people rights, form part of many countries constitutions

4a)Franchise simply means the right to vote and be voted for.

4b)SANITY:a person that will be qualified to vote and be voted for in an election must be a sound mind.

CITIZENSHIP:he/she must be a citizen of the state either by birth or naturalization.

VOID OF CRIMINAL RECORDS:he/she must be free from criminal act or record act.

AGE;person that should fulfill the right of voting must have attained the age of 18years and above according to the provisiön of the constitution.Persön fulfilling the conditiöns of voting must be adult and not infants. 6 minutes

(9) i. statism: tendency for the citizens to be more loyal to their states than to the central government. ii. problem of state creation: every ethnic groups wants a state which can lead to unnecessary fragmentation of the country.

iii. poor leadership: Nigeria is yet to have a purposeful, honest and selfless leadership to direct her affairs.

iv. ethnic problem: various ethnic groups in the country have a lot of distrust for each other.

v. revenue allocation: has been a recuiring problem in Nigeria. Successive governments have always find it difficult to have found it difficult to arrive at a formular acceptable to the other tiers of government.

Vi. Minority groups in Nigeria feel they are not treated fairly witnin the federation:

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2012 NECO PHYSIC QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS( OBJ)

2012 NECO PHYSICS OBJECTIVE ANSWERS

1-10= CADBABDABD

11-20= DBCCADEDEA

21-30= DABEDADBED

31-40= DEAAEBEEDC

41-50= EEADBDAAEA

51-60= CDABADEBDC

PHYSICS THEORY ANSWERS

(1a) trajectory is the path that a moving object follow through space as a function of time.

(1b) v=8cms^-1=0.08,t=5s,g=10ms^-2, V^2=u^2+2as, S=(u+v)/2t, S=((0.08)/2)5= 0.2m.

(2a) moment of a force about a point is the product of the force and the perpendicular distance of its line of action from the point.

(ii) anticlockwise rotation must be equal to clockwise rotation.

(iii)clockwise moment must be equal to anticlockwise moment.

(3) block and tackle, inclined plane, lever, wheel and axle

(3b) draw the diagram.

(5) Magnification=5, f=20cm, v/f-1=M, (v/20)-1=5, v-20=100, v=120cm, M=V/u, 120/u=5, u=120/5=24cm

(9) decrease in mass= (0.15/100)*2.0=0.003, mass=0.000003kg, energy=mc^2, remaining mass=0.002-0.000003=1.997*10^14J.

(10a)ionization energy is the energy required to remove electrons from gaseous atoms or ions.

(10b)Alpha particles are positively charged while beta particles are negatively charged

(11a) scalar quantity is a quantity that has magnitude only.

(ii) contact force requires a connection between the interacting objects while force field does not require connection between the interacting objects while force field does not require connection.

(iii 0 contact force occurs over a short distance while force field occurs over a very large area of force.

(11b) draw the diagram.

(11c)equilibrant is a force equal to, but opposite of vector force, that force which balances other forces thus bringing an object into equilibrium

(ii) parallegram law of vector states that if two vector quantities are represented by two adjacent sides or a parallegram then the diagonal of parallelogram will be equal to the resultant of these two vectors.

(11d) M=50g=0.05Kg, r=0.4m, K=0.6Nm^-1, w=2 pie f, w=sqr rut(K/m), 2 pie f= sqr rut(0.06/0.05), 6.29f=3.46

(ii) w=2 pie f= 2*(22/7)*0.55=3.46m/s.

(iii) Energy= (mv^2)/r, v=wr, E=m(wr)^2= 0.05*(3.46)^2*0.4=0.24J.

(12a) Newton’s first law of motion states that a body will remain ay rest or in uniform motion on a straight line unless it is acted upon by a resultant force.

(12aii) Newton’s second law of motion states that the resultant force acting on a body is directly proportional to its rate of change in momentum.

Rate of change in momentum=(M(v-u))/t, recall that a =(v-u)/t, F=(m(v-t)/t)=ma, F=ma.

(12b) Energy is the ability to do work while power is the rate at which work done or energy is consumed.

(ii) principle of conservation of linear momentum states that when an object collides with another body, the total momentum before the collision is the same as the total momentum after collision, provided no external force is involved

(iii) when a swinging pendulum is moving and collides with another pendulum, it stops and the second pendulum begins to move and comes back and continues like that.

(iv) Mgh=1/2m(v)^2, 12*3*10=(1/2)*20*v^2, 360=10v^2, v^2=36, v= sqr rut(36)= 6m/s.

(13ai) wave is a disturbance or oscillation that travels through a medium from one location to another accompanied by a transfer of energy.

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CONFIRM 2012 CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS

1.name three types of chemical reaction.

1b.explain any two with equation.

1c.three characteristics of catalyst.

1d.diffrenciate btw promoter and prohibitor,

2.state arrhenius theory,

2b.what is hydrolysis of salt,

2c,difference btw closed and open system,

2d.define buffer solution,

3.state le chatellier principle,

3b,state the effect of ,pressure,temp,catalyst on equilibrum,

3c,describe with the aid of diagram how hydrogen gas is used as reducing agent for named oxide,1,cuo,pbo,zno.

CHEMISTRY OBJECTIVE ANSWERS

1-10= dcdbeadbbe

11-20= cdcbaccecd

21-30= cceecbcbbc

31-40= cadabababa

41-50= eeebacabae

51-60= bbeacadcbb

CHEMISTRY THEORY ANSWERS

6ai. Polymerization is the joining together of similar molecule of unsaturated hydro carbon forming a single giant molecule called Polymer with or without d eliminations of small molecules.

6aii additional Polymerization condensation Polymerization

6aiii Rubber ii polythene

6bi] Heat and catalyst

ii] to ripen fruit

iii] to prepare polymer

6ci] primary

ii.] secondary

iii]. tertiary

1a.] Chain Reaction

ii. Reversible and irreversible reactions

iii]. endothermic and exothermic reactions

1aii catalyst is d ability of atoms of d same element to link dem selves while otcane no expresses d octane rating of petroleum

Solution to 1c.

Xcharatics of catalyst

i].artel the rate of chemical reaction

ii].a catalyst has no effect on the equilibrum of reversible reaction

iii].remain unchange at the end of reaction

4a i By diffusion

ii isotopy

iii radioactivity

iv sublimation

b i ethannol

ii soap

iii margarine

2a) Only the Arrhenius theory speaks about the need of water, according to Bronsted, acid base reactions can occur in gaseous state without water. (for example NH3+HCl).

3) Decomposition : A decomposition reaction is the opposite of a synthesis reaction - a complex moleculebreaks down to make simplerones. These reactions come inthe general form: AB --->A + B

One example of adecomposition reaction is the electrolysis of water to make oxygen and hydrogengas: 2 H 2 O --->2 H 2 + O 2

5b. ¡. Pollution:can be defined as the process of making the air impure due to contamination with harmful or prisonnus subtance

=pollutant:there are subtance that are used for polluting the air,eg oxides of carborn etc.

5b¡¡.Air pollutant oxide of sulpluer and nitrogen.

Water polution oilspills.

5c¡. Suphe soturated solutionin the one which continuns more of the solute than it can nomally hold at that temparature.

Q5. ¡ Allotropes of carbon=diamong =graphite

¡¡ Graphite conducts electricity

¡¡¡ this is becouse of the presence of mobite electrition in the erystall lattice

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CONFIRM 2012 NECO MATHEMATIC QUESTIONS AND ANSWER

CONFIRM MATHEMATICS ANSWERS

(4a)x=1380-130=50(corresponding angle), y=180-125,=55 degree(corresponding angle) (4b) 1/3(x+8)-1/7(2x-4)less or equal to 1, multiply both sides by 21(Lcm). 7x+56-6x+12 less or equal to 21, x less or equal to 21-56-12., x=-47.

12.)Abu=2/7 Abu=1/6 Ola=3/5 (abu)Λ1=5/7 (ola)Λ1=2/5 (a).pr(all score below 70%) =5/7*5/16*2/5 =5/56.

(b).pr(at most score70%) =(5/2*1/6*3/5)+(5/6*2/7*3/5) +(2/5*2/7*1/6 5/70+10/70+20/70 5/70+10/70+20/70 15/70+2/70=17/70.

(c).pr (all score 70%) =2/7*1/6*3/5 =2/70=1/35

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MATHEMATICS OBJECTIVE ANSWERS

1-10 ACEDBBCCDA

11-20 DBABBAEECA

21-30 ECEAADCBAB

31-40 DAEBDBDAEC

41-50 ABADCDEACB

Please note that the objective hav not confirm yet.

CONFIRM MATHEMATICS THEORY ANSWERS

(7a) R=kl, r=0.6, k=0.8, R=0.08L. R=0.08*35.5=2.85 ohms

(7bi) Tn= arΛn-1, a=10/3, r=1/2. T8= 10/3*1/128=10/384.

(7biii) sn=(a(1-rΛn))/1-r= (10/3(1-(1/2)Λ10))/1-1/2=( (10/3)(1-1/1024))= 1705/256

(N11a) Log27base3=log64base1/4+nlog3 1/81 Log3 2base3=log4 3base1/4+-4nlog3base3 2=3log4base1/4-4n 4n=3log16base14-2 4n=12-2 4n=10 N=10/4 =2 whole number 1/ 2

(9B) Dist AB=titapieR/180degree 864000=(x-25)20108.8(x-25)=86400,20108.8 X-25=43 X=43+25 X-68degree,d latutude of A is 68degree

(N09ai ) dst bc=tita pieRcosa/180 =80times3.142times640cos2/180 =1452980.9/180=8099.9=8100km.

(N09ii) Chord bc =2crostita /2 =2*64cos25sin40degree.

(1b) ATB=36 degree(base angle of isosceles triangle) BAT=180 degree= 180 degree-(36+36) (sum of angle in a triangle)= 180-72 BAT=180-72=108 degree BTC= 72 degree (base angle of isosceles triangle) TBC=x(angle in alternate segment)= 180-(72+72)= 180-144=36 degree

(11b)

Abu=2/7

Abu=1/6

Ola=3/5 (abu)Λ1=5/7 (ola)Λ1=2/5

(a).pr(all score below 70%) =5/7*5/16*2/5 =5/56.

(b).pr(at most score70%) =(5/2*1/6*3/5)+(5/6*2/7*3/5) +(2/5*2/7*1/6 5/70+10/70+20/70 5/70+10/70+20/70 15/70+2/70=17/70.

(c).pr (all score 70%) =2/7*1/6*3/5 =2/70=1/35

(6ai)#1000.90 *12=#12010.80=#12010.80

(6ii) p:e= 16:5, petrol exp= (16/21)*1700= #1295.24, electricity expenses= 1700-1295=# 404.76 Difference= 1295.24-404.76= #890.48

(6b) Tn=n+(n-1)d, T5= 8+(5-1)d=32, 8+4d=32 4d=24, d=6. X=8+6=14. Y=14+6=20 Z=20+6=20

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CONFIRM 2012 NECO AGRIC ANSWERS

1A)

A- GO TO HELL

B- HOE

C- EGG

D- FEEDING TROUGH

E- WOOD SHAVING

F- ARROW/PINS

1B)

A- For harvesting fruit

B- For making rigdes

E- For making poultry beds

F- for marking land dimensions

1C)

i) orange

(ii) mango

1D)

C- for making chicks

,

D- for making chickens

1E) brooding

2A) G- snail,

H- termite,

I- earthworm,

J- NPK fertilizer,

K- poultry droping,

L- lime

2B)i for improving cation-exchange capacity of the soil.

(ii) for controling soil aeration

2C) J- (i) it improves soil fertility, it improves soil structure.

L- it improves soil fertilitiy, it improve soil structure.

2D) Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium.

3A)

M-tomato,

N-Citrus,

D-Cassava,

P-onion.

3B)

M-Alium cepa,

N-Citrus sinensis

,

O-manihot spp.

P-Solanum lypo

3c)

M-using seed(sexual),

N-seed(sexual),

O-stem cutting(asexual),

P-Rhizome(asexual).

3d) serve as source of food, serves as source of starch, serves as feedstuff(roughage).

(4a) Q-Evaporated milk,

R-Egg,

S-animal skin.

(4b) Q-sheep,

R-chicken, guinea fowl,

S-cattle and sheep.

(4c) Q: serves as source of protein, serves as source of food for youn animals, serves as repairing agents for worn-out tissues.

R: serves as source of income for farners, serves as source of employment, serves as source of agent, serves as source of agent for repairing worn-out cells

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CONFIRM 2012 NECO BIOLOGY PRATICAL SOLUTION

REAL AND CONFIRM BIOLOGY

1ai rat.

B) earthworm.

C) spider.

d snail.

E. Weevil

1aiii) mammalia.

B. Annelida.

c. Arachnida.

D. Mollusca.

1aiv) it has hairs.

B. It has chitellum.

C. It has eight legs.

D. It has a mouth part modified for boring .

1bi) = it has eight legs.

wings absent.

= the body is divided into two parts.

=the phylum is arachinda

2ai.obser) no visible reaction.

Infer.

Starch absent.

obser

yellow precipitate is obsvered .

Infer

sucrose present. Obser

red precipitate occur.

Infer protain is present

2aii) R= Benedict solution *s = iodine reagent .T millon's reagent

2bi) egg albumen.

2bii) glucose solution.

2biii) sucrose solution.

3ai) M-Dry pod of barbados, N-guava fruit,O-orange fruit, ,P-mango,Q-dry okro fruit

3bi) O: many seeds, fused pericarp. P: only one seed, separated pericarp.

3bii)it is portioned, it is capsule.

3biv)it is used as a source of food.

3ai) N - guava fruit

O - orange fruit

P - mango fruit

Q - dry okoro fruit

3aii) M - By man

N - By bird

O - By flood

P - By man

Q - By wind

2ci)

NAME) J= molar tooth.

(J REASON) it has broad surface.

(K.NAME)= Incissors.

(K.REASON) =it is chisel-like in struture.

(L.NAME)= Canin e.

(L.REASON)= it is conical.

2cii) J=for chewing and grinding of food.

K= for cutting of food.

L= for tearing of food.

2ciii)(spacismen L) = canine.

2civ) diastema.

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CONFIRM NECO CHEMISTRY SOLUTIONS

1. D EQUATION 4 D REACTION IS:

H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH --> Na2SO4 + 2H2O.

A. Table of value: burrete readn: rough/1st/ 2nd/3rd

final: 24.00/24.30/29.30/34.30

initial: 0.00/0.00/5.00/10.00

vol: 24.00/24.30/24.30/24.30.

Note: rough, 1st, 2nd, 3rd titre are all in (cm3).

Average vol of acid used = 24.30 + 24.30 + 24.30/3 = 72.9/3 = 24.30

Bi. A contains 0.125mol/dm3 of H2SO4 i.e 0.125 in 1000cm3 of H2SO4. X = 24.30 * 0.125/ 1000 = 0.00303 =0.003mol/dm3

ii. CaVa/CbVb = Na/Nb 0.125 * 24.30/Cb * 25 = 1/2 Cb = 6.075/25 = 0.243 = 0.24mol/dm3

iii. B contains Xgdm3 of NaOH, M.Mof NaOH = 40g Mass conc = mole conc * molar mass = 0.243 * 40 = 9.72g.

2. Salt analysis: a. Test: Xn + distlilled H2O. Observ: white ppt. Colourless sol observed. Inferenc: soluble salt

i. Test: filterate + BaCl2 + dil. HCl in excess Observ: white ppt formed. Ppt insoluble Inference: SO4^2-, SO3^2-, CO3^2- presnt.

2. Salt analysis contd:

ii. Test: residue + dil. HCl.

Observ: effervescence gas evolved. An odourless gas. Deep blue ppt. Inference: Cu^2+ presnt

iii. Test: filterate + HNO3 + AgNO3 + NH3. Observ: no visible reaction. White ppt formed. Ppt dissolved in excess NH3(aq).

Inference: Cl- present. Cl- confirmed bi. Test: filterate + BaCl2 + Dil. HCl. Observ: white ppt remained insoluble.

Inferenc: CO3^2-, SO4^2- presnt

ii. Test: A portion of bi + NaOH solutn in drop then in exces Observ: A light blue ppt insoluble in exces of NaOH sol.

Inferenc: Cu^2+ presnt.

Note: it must b in tabular i.e test/observ/inf.

2c obser) colourless odourles gas evolve which turn lime water milky.

2c infer) the gas is CO2 from CO2-3

2a obser) x is partially soluble in water to form white filtrate and blue residue

.2a infer) x is a mixture of solubluble and insoluble salts

2bii) white precipitate dissolve. 2bii) Cl- confirmed

2ci obser) blue precipitate remain insoluble.

2ci infer) Cu2+ present.

3a)orange to green

3b)i)liebig condenser

ii)hoffmans voltametre

iii)restort stand

iv)spatulla

v)seperatibg funel

vi)evaporating dish

.

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NECO CHEMISTRY PRATICAL SPECIMEN ACID-BASE TITRATION

The apparatus for Acid-base titration are burette,pipette,methylorange,and d usual apparatus &reagents.

1(i) A contains ......cm3 of concentrated HCl per dm3 of solution.

(ii) B contains ......g of anhydrous Na2CO3 per dm3 of solution.

State the volume of A required to neutralize 20cm3 or 25cm3 of B with indicator.

(a) 150cm3 of hydrochloric acid solution in a beaker labelled"A".

The acid solution which should be the same for all Candidates will contain 9.0cm3 of concentrated hydrochloric acid per dm3 of solution.

(b) 150cm3 of Sodium trioxocarbonate (IV) solution in a beaker labelled"B".

The solution which should be the same for all candidates will contain 5.00g of Sodium trioxocarbonate(IV) in per dm3 of solution.

(c) One spatula full of sodium trioxocarbonate(IV) in a corked specimen bottle labelled"C".

(d) One spatula full of calcium chloride in a corked specimen bottle labelled"D".

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS(SALT ANALYSIS)

The apparatus for Quantitative analysis are dilute sodium hydroxide solution,dilute ammonia solution,dilute hydrochloric solution,barium chloride solution,distilled water,red&blue litmus paper,aqeous silver trioxnitrate

(V),dilute trioxonitrate

(V),methlorange,one boiling tube,five test tubes,source of heat

Candidates are advised to adhere strictly to the instructions given.

All observations and inference must be clearly recorded in the table below.

Identify any gas(es) evolved.

N/B: The table is stated as thus br />

TEST - OBSERVATION - INFERENCES.

Under TEST

(a.) Put all of C in a boiling tube and add about 5cm3 of distilled water. Divide the resulting solution into two portions.

(i) To the first portion add about 2cm3 of BaCl2 solution.

Then dilute HCl in excess.

(ii) To the second portion of the solution add two drops of phenolphthalein indicator.

(b.) Dissolve all of D in a boiling tube with about 5cm3 of distilled water.

Divide the resulting solution into two equal parts.

(i) To the first portion add Ammonia solution.

(ii) To the second portion add NaOH solution in drops.

Then in excess.

(c.) A white solid X when heated strongly, gave off a gas Y which turns lime water milky and, a white powdery residue Z. When water was added to Z, it formed an alkaline solution.

(i) From the information provided, name br />[I]

The white solid X. (1 mark)

[II] The gas Y given off (1 mark)

[III] The white residue Z ( 1 mark)

(ii) Write the equation for the reaction between Z and water. (2 marks)

TOTAL = 20 Marks.

(3a) State what would be observed if hydrogen sulphide gas was br />

(i) Bubbled into a solution of lead(II)ethanoate. (1 mark)

(ii) Mixed with Sulphur(IV)oxide in a gas jar in the presence of moisture. (1 mark)

(b) Q is a solid sample of zinc trioxocarbonate(IV). Record in a tabular form what would be observed and the appropriate inferences if the following tests were performed on Q.

N/B: The table is stated as thus br />

TEST - OBSERVATION - INFERENCES.

Under TEST

(i) Q + water

(ii) Q + dil HCl

(iii) Solution from (ii) above +

NH3(aq) in drops, then in excess.

TOTAL MARKS= 10 Marks.

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2012 NECO CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS

VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS:

1. A is 0.125mol/dm3 of H2SO4.

B is a solution containing xgdm^-3 of NaOH.

(a.) Put A into the burette and titrate it against 20.0cm3 or 25.0cm3 portion of B using Methyl Orange as indicator. Record the volume of your pipette.

Tabulate your burette readings and Calculate the average volume of A used.

THE EQUATION FOR THE REACTION IS:

H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH -->Na2SO4 + 2H2O

From Your result and Information provided above, Calculate

(i) the amount of H2SO4 in the the average volume of A used.

(ii) Concentration of B in mol/dm3

(iii) Value of X. [H=1,O=16,Na=23]

SOLUTIONS:

The Equation for the Reaction: H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH -->Na2SO4 + 2H2O

TABLE OF VALUE:

Bur Rd|Rough|1st|2nd |3rd

Final|24.00|24.30|29.30|34.30

Initial|0.00|0.00 |5.00 |10.00

Vol. |24.00|24.30|24.30|24.30

NOTE: Rough,1st titre,2nd titre,3rd titre are all in (cm3)

AVERAGE VOLUME OF ACID USED = 24.30+24.30+24.30/3 = 72.9/3 =24.30.

(Bi) A contains 0.125mol/dm3 of H2SO4(given) ie 0.125 in 1000cm3 of H2SO4 .:. X in 24.30; X = 24.30/1000 * 0.125 = 0.00303 = 0.003 mol per 24.30cm3.

(ii) Conc of A * Vol of A/Conc of B * Vol of B =nA/nB ie CAVA/CBVB = nA/nB = 0.125*24.30/CB*25 = 1/2 CB = 6.075/25 = 0.243 = 0.24mol/dm3.

(iii) B contains Xgdm3 of NaOH, Molar Mass of NaOH = 40g. Mass Conc = Mole Concentration * Molar Mass = 0.243 * 40 = 9.72g

SALT ANALYSIS:

2. (a) TEST: Xn + Distilled H2O

OBSERVATION:

White ppt, colourless solution observed.

INFERENCE:

Soluble Salt

(i) TEST: Filterate + BaCl2 + Dil HCl in excess.

OBSERVATION:

White ppt formed. Precipitate Insoluble.

INFERENCE:

SO4^2-,SO3^2-, CO3^2- Present.

TEST:

Residue + dilute HCl

OBSERVATION:

Effervescence gas evolved.

An odourless gas. Deep blue ppt.

INFERENCE:

Cu^2+ Present.

TEST:

Filterate + HNO3 + AgNO3 + NH3

OBSERVATION:

No visible reaction.

White ppt formed. Ppt dissolved in excess NH3(aq)

INFERENCE:

Cl^- present.

Cl^- confirmed.

(bi) TEST:

Filterate + BaCl2 + dil HCl

OBSERVATION:

White ppt remained insoluble.

INFERENCE:

CO3^2-, SO4^2- Present.

(ii) TEST:

A portion of (bi) + NaOH solution dropwise and in excess.

OBSERVATION:

A light blue ppt insoluble in excess of NaOH Solution.

INFERENCE: Cu^2+ present.

(NOTE THAT THE ABOVE SOLUTION WILL BE IN A TABULAR FOR i.e TEST|INFERENCE|OBSERVATION)

A mixture of NH4Cl+CuCO3 (samplC) now being called unknown sample C

Test|observation|interferent

1. Mix sampl C with water = partialy soluble = sample C is a mixture

2. A portn of the filtrate + NH3 = white ppt. = Cl- present

3. A portn of d filtrate + AgNO3 + NH3 then in excess = ppt disolvedin excess NH3 solutn = Cl- ion confirmed

4. Another portn of d filtrate + NaOH solutn then in excess + heat = a colourless gas evolved wit xteristics choking smell which turned litmus paper blue and form a dens white fume wit conc.HCl stopper = NH3 gas from NH4+

5. Residue + dil HCl = efferviscent occured, colourless gas was given off after d residue disolved which turned lime water milky = CO2 gas from CO32- or if the residue is being added witHCl = it will give clear solution the clear solution + NaOH in drop and den in excess = a pale blue ppt was form which was insoluble in excess NaOH solutn =Cu2+ is present

7. The mixture above (pale blue ppt) + NH3 solutn in drop and den in excess = pale blue ppt disolved to give a deep blue solutn = Cu2+ is confirmed.

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CONFIRM 2012 NECO PHYSIC PRATICAL SOLUTION. QUESTIONS/ANSWERS

Questions 3

No3. Slope = 2.8/0.9= 3.11= 3 ohmsA^-

1.Intercept on the horizontal axis = 0.2

Two Precautions:

(i) I avoided error of parallex.

(ii) I made sure there was no lost of current from the cell3.

ELECTRICITY TABLE: S/N| R |I(A) |I^-

1(A^-1) 1 | 1 |3.00|0.30 2 | 2 |1.50|0.

70 3 | 3 |1.00|1.00 4 | 4 |0.75|1.30 5

| 5 |0.60|1.70 6 | 6 |0.50|2.00.

No3. Slope =2.8/0.9 = 3.11 = 3 ohmsA^-

1. Intercept on the horizontal axis = 0.2

Two Precautions:

(i) I avoided error of parallex.

(ii) I made sure there was no lost of current from the cell

NO1 TABLE:S/N| M(g)| d(cm) | d^-|1 |30.

00|40.00|0.0252 |40.00|32.00|0.

033 |50.00|25.00|0.044 |60.00|21.

00|0.0485 |70.00|17.00|0.0566 |80.

00|15.30|0.065

[1axii]PRECAUTIONS:

(i) I ensured that the masses do not rest on any support while doing the experiment.

(ii) I Ensured that i avoided parallax eror while takingthe reading on the meter rule

.

1B) center of gravity can be define as the point where resultant weight of a body act upon.

For example the center of gravity of a uniform meter rule is at 50cmmark

CLICK HERE TO GET THE REST PHYSIC PRATICAL SOLUTION, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

.

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CONFIRM 2012 NECO BIOLOGY & AGRIC SPECIMEN/ QUESTIONS & ANSWERS

BIOLOGY

A - Rat

B - Earthworm

C - Spider

D -Snail

E - Weevil

F - Margarine

G - Glucose solution

H - Sucrose or Maltose solution

I - Egg albumen

J - Molar tooth K - Incissors

L - Canine

M - Dry pod of pride of barbados

N - Guava fruit

O - Orange fruit

P - Mango fruit

Q - Dry okro fruit

SOLUTIONS:

R - Benedict solution.

S - Iodine solution

T - Millon's solution

U - Dilute HCl

Kingdom, Phylum and Class of Specimen ABCDE

A-Animalia, Vertebrate, Mammalia.

B-Animalia, Annelida, Oligochaeta C-Animalia, Arthropoda, Oligochaeta D-Animalia, Mollusca, Gasctropoda E-Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta

FEATURES OF SPECIMEN ABCDE

A(RAT):

1. Body covers with hair/fur

2. Has a pair of pinna(external ear)

3. Has two pairs of pentadactyl limbs

4. Has long furless, scaly tail

B(Earthworm):

1. It is segmented

2. Has chitallium

3. Has cheata/setae

4. Has two openings i.e mouth and anus

5. Has moist skin

C(spider):

1. Body is divided into two i.e cephalothorax

2. Has four pairs of leg

3. Has a pair of chelicerae

D(snail):

1. Body covered with shell

2. Has a pair of upper and a pair of lower tentacle

3. Has foots

4. Has anus

5. Has genital pore

E(Weevil):

1. Body divided into three i.e head thorax, abdomen.

2. Has 3 pairs of walking legs

3. Has a pair of antenna

4. Has compound eye

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN C AND E

C(SPIDER):

1. Body divided into two i.e cephalothorax and abdomen.

2. Has four pairs of legs.

3. No antenna

E(weevil):

1. Body divided into 3 i.e Head, thorax and abdomen.

2. Has 3 pais of leg.

3. Has a pair of antenna.

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN ABCDE

A(rat):

1. Pest of crops.

2.source of human protein.

3.vector of disease (fever)

B(Earthworm):

1. Enrich the soil.

2. Form soil cast.

3. Serves as food for fish, bird, etc.

C(Spider):

1. Vector of disease.

2. Biological control of insect.

3. destroys hmes material

D(snail):

1. Vector of disease.

2. Source of animal protein.

3. Shell used in dye making

E(weevil):

1. Pest of crops.

2. Food for birds.

TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATE:

1. Solution G+ solution R+ Heat then allow to cool (Reducing sugar tes). Observation: Red/Orange precipitate. Observation: glucose is present.

2. SOLUTION G+ 3 drops of S. Blue/Black colur Precipitate. Observation: reducing sugar is present.

3. SOLUTION H+ drops of u + solution R+ heat then allow to cool (test for non-reducing sugar). Observation: Brick red colour. Conclusion: reducing sugar is present.

TEST FOR FATS AND OIL:

1. Small amount of F + filte paper (paper marked test). Observation: transluscent spot. Conclusion: oil or fat is present.

TEST FOR PROTEIN:

1. Millon’s test: solution I+ solution I + heat: observation: brick red colour. Conclusion: protein is present.

FUNCTION OF SPECIMEN J:

For crushing and breaking food/grinding

FUNCTION OF SPECIMEN k:

for cutting food

FUNCTION OF SPECIMEN l: for cutting and tearing of food

FEATURES OF SPECIMEN J K L

j: cusped, has one root

L: 1.long, strong, curve and sharp pointed,

2. Has one root.

K: 1. Rectangular, flat, chisel-like,,

2. Has one root.

EXAMPLES OF ANIMALS WHRE SPECIME JKL CAN BE OBTAINED

FEATURES OF M N O P Q

FRUIT GROUP, NATURE, NO OF SEED, PLACENTATION

1. M:Legume, simple, Dry Dehiscent, many, pariental

2. N:Berry, simple, succulent, many, pariental,

3. O:Berry, simple, succulent, axile.

4. P: drupe, simple,succulent,one, basal

5. Q: capsule, simple, dry dehiscent, many, central

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN O AND P

O: many seeds present, fused pericarp, edible endocarp

P(mango fruit): only one seed present, separate pericarp, endocarp not edible.

CLASSES OF FOOD OF A D I N O P Q

A: protein: repairs wornout tissues, produce enzymes

D, I,: protein repairs wornout tissues, produce enzymes

N,O,P,Q: vitamins: protects body against disease.

DRAWINGS: LEARN HOW TO LABEL AND DRAW

1. Rat-terrestial habitat

2. Earthworm-moist soil

3. Snail-terrestial habitat

4. Spider

5. Weevil

6. Mango(longitudinal section)

7. Orange(transverse section).

AGRICULTURE:

AGRIC SPECIMEN:

A - Go To Hell

B - Hoe

C - Egg tray

D - Feeding trough

E - Wood shavings

F - Arrow/pins

G - Snail H - TermiteI - Earthworm

J - NPK fertilizer

K - Poultry droppings

L - Lime (Calcium carbonate)

M - Tomatoes fruit

N - Citrus fruit

O - Cassava tuber

P - Onion

Q - Milk(Evaporated)

R - Egg

S - Animal skin.

USES OF SPECIMEN A, B, C, D, E AND F.

A: 1. It is used for harvesting some crops like orange, cocoa, oil palm, kolanut e.t.c.

2. It is used for light pruning.

B: 1. For harvesting some crops.

2. For making ridges and heaps.

C: 1. For collection of eggs.

2. For arrangement of eggs in batches in the incubator.

D: 1. For feeding birds.

2. For storing livestocks feeds.

E: 1. For flowing brooder.

2. For collecgting poultry.

F: 1. it is used for making stations. 2. It is used during chaining for mark off chain length as measured.

GENERAL MAINTENANCE OF SPECCIMEN A,B,C, D AND F.

i. All instruments must be cleaned after use.

ii. Keep instruments in good and dry place.

iii. Keep them away from rain and heat (sun).

iv. The metal parts should be oiled or greased.

CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIMEN G,H AND I

Specimen G

i. They reproduce sexually.

ii. Possession of calcerous shells secreted by the mantle for protection, damage and the predators.

SPECiMEN H

i. Possession of segmented body.

ii. Possession of jointed limbs or legs for movement

SPECIMEN I

i. Long segmented body is present.

CULTURAL PRACTICES OF SPECIMEN M,N AND O:

M: 1. Weeding.

2. Watering.

3. Staking

N: 1. Pest and diseases control.

2. Fertilizer application.

3. Weeding.

O: 1. Harvesting.

2. Weeding.

3.fertilizer application.

Pest of M:

1. Cricket.

2. birds

Disease of M:

1. Eusarium wilt.

2. Leaf Spot.

Symptom: gradual dropping of leaves followed by witting and drying up of the whole plants.

Control: 1. Treat with copper fungicides

2. Practice crop rotation.

PEST OF SPECIMEN N:

1. Aphids.

2. Scale insects.. Control: spray with insecticides e.g gamalin 4o.

Symptom of tristeza(viral): 1. Phloem swelling at bud union.

Control: use resistant varieties.

Symptom : 1. scab i.e citirus scab(fungal disease) .

2. Yellowish of leaves plant especially at nursery stage.

Control: treat with fungicide e.g Bordeaux mixture.

Pest of Specimen O:

1.Rodents

2. Grasshoppers,

Control:

1. Trapping

2. Shooting with gun.

Disease of Specimen O:

1. Cassava mosaic. Symptoms:

1. Vein clearing.

2. Stunted growth.

.

CONTROL : grow resistant varieties.

2. Bacterial blight: symptom: water soaked at area of coloured leaves tissues. Control: use clean and disease free stem cuttings.

ANIMALS FROM WHICH SPECIMEN Q, R AND S CAN BE DERIVED:

Q: 1. From female cattle (cow).

2. From female sheep(ewe)

<>R: 1. Female fowl(hen).

2. Female guinea fowl.

S: 1. From skin of cattle.

2. From skin of sheep.

ECOMONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN Q, R, AND S:

Q: 1. Source of protein in food.

2. It supplies mineral to livestock.

3. It can be used to raise foster calves, lambs or children.

4. It is used as extender in an artificial insemination.

R: 1. It is used in cosmetics industries.

2. It is used for reproduction.

3. It is used in production of adhesives.

4. It is a source of protein in human diet or food.

S: 1. It is used in clothing materials e.g jacket

. 2. It can be processed into meat e.g pormon(skin) .

3. It can be processed into leather for the manufacture of bags, shoes, ropes, foot wears, e.t.c.

QUESTION:

With the aid of anointed diagrams show the external features of both specimen G and I(snail and earthworm respectively.

ANSWER:

1. Draw snail showing shell, collar, eyes, tentacles, muscular foot.

2. Draw earthworm showing mouth, chetae, male opening, female opening, clitellium, anus, body segments

IMPORTANCE OF SPECIMEN G, H and I in agriculture:

1. They help to decompose organic materials in the soil to form humus.

2. They improve soil water percolation.

3. They improve soil structure.

ADVANTAGES OF SPECIMEN J, K and L: 1 J:

1: it helps to improve yield of crops.

2. It improves the structure of the soil.

3. It increases the fertility of the soil.

4. It increases the growth of planktons in the fish-ponds.

K: 1. As organic manure, it usually Improves aeration of the soil.

2. It improves the water holding capacity of the soil.

3. It reduces soil temperature fluctuations.

4. It also improves activities of soil micro organisms in the soil.

L: 1. It reduces soil acidity

2. It improves soil structure.

3. Lime increase the rate of water percolation in the in the clay soil.

PROPAGATION METHODS OF SPECIMEN M,N,O and P:

M- sexual(seeds).

N-both sexual and asexual propagation.

D- asexual (stem cutting).

P- asexual .

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CONFIRM 2012 NECO PRATICAL SOLUTION.

PHYSICS PRACTICAL SOLUTION: 1.

Suspend a meter rule horizontally on the knife edge supplied.

Adjust the meter rule carefully until it settler horizontally.

Repeat and record the point of balance G of the meter rule.

Keep the knife edge at the point G throughout the experiment.

Suspend the object labelled Q at the 20cm mark of the meter rule.

On the other side of G, suspend the mass M= 10g and adjust its position until the meter rule settler horizontally.

Read off the position R of the mass M on the meter rule.

Record the distance y between G and R. Also, record the value of M.

Repeat the procedure keeping the knife edge at G and the object Q at the 20cm mark but using the masses M, 10,20,30 and 40g On the other side of G.

In each case, record the distance y and corresponding value of M.

Determine the value of 1/y and tabulate your readings.

Plot a graph of m against 1/y.

Determine the the slope of the graph.

Evaluate s/x. State two Precautions. Explain what is meant by the center of gravity of a body.

State how this is related to the stability of the body.

SOLUTION: TABLE:

S/N|M(g)|y(cm)|1/y(cm^-1)

1. |10.00 |56.40 |0.0189

2. |20.00 |52.68 |0.019 3. |30.00 |35.12 |0.028

4. |40.00 |26.34 |0.038

5. |50.00 |21.07 |0.047

PRECAUTIONS:

=1. I ensured the reading was taking when my meter rule is balanced.

=2. I avoided Parallex error.

Bi) The center of gravity of a body is the point at which the resultant weight of the body appears to act.

QUESTION 2.

Using the diagram as a guide, carry out the following instructions.

(i) Place the pin,O, horizontally inside the cylinder provided.

Pour some water on the pin in the cylinder such that the length of the water column, l = SO = 10.0cm.

Where S represent the water meniscus.

(ii) Insert another pin P in the cork help by the boss of the retort stand.

(iii) Adjust the position of P vertically upward or O formed by refraction at S.

(iv) Read and Record the distance h = PO.

(v) Repeat the procedure for four other values of I = 15, 20, 25 and 30cm.

(vi) In each case, measure and record the corresponding value of h.

Tabulate your readings

(vii). Plot a graph of h on the vertical axis against I on the horizontal axis.

(viii)Determine the slope S of the graph.

(ix) Evaluate

(a)K1= I-S

(b)K2=1/k

(x) State two precautions taken to ensure accurate result.

(Bi) Explain total Internal reflection of light.

(ii) A rectangular glass prism of thickness 6cm and refractive index 1.5 is placed on the page of a book.

The prints on the book are viewed vertically downwards from above.

Determine the apparent upward displacement of this prints.

SOLUTION:

TABLE OF VALUES:

S/N| Icm^3| h(cm3)

1. | 10.00 | 7.50

2. | 15.00 | 11.25

3. | 20.00 | 15.00

4. | 25.00 | 18.75

5. | 30.00 | 22.50 (x)

PRECAUTIONS

1. The lower level of meniscus of water is read at eye level.

2. I avoided error due to parallex.

3. Zero error of meter rule is noted.

(Bi) Total internal reflection occurs when light travel from a dense medium to a less dense medium such that angle of incidence is greater than critical angle.

(ii) Let the apparent upward displacement of points b t, real depth, D = 6cm.

Therefore apparent depth = D - t = 6 - t Refractive index aÑg = 1.5 =Realdepth/Apparent depth. 1.5=6/6-t (6-t)1.5=6cm 9-1.5t=6 -1.5t=6-9 t=6 - 9/2.0cm R.I = R.D/A.D .A.D = R.D/R.I = 6/1.5 = 4cm.

Displacement = Realdepth - Apparent depth = 6-4=2.0cm

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